Python
High-level, dynamically typed language that is the default for ML and data science.
- Created by Guido van Rossum 1991; version 3 is the modern standard.
- Readable indentation-based syntax + huge standard library.
- Dominates ML via NumPy, pandas, sklearn, PyTorch.
When to use: Default language for nearly every ML role, course, or paper.
Example: A 5-line training loop loads a CSV (pandas), splits data (sklearn), fits a model, prints accuracy.